AGVs have moved pallets and carts around factories and hospitals for decades. Their navigation is deliberately simple: the route is engineered into the building, so the vehicle only has to stay on the line and read markers that tell it where to turn, stop or lift.
Safety comes from laser scanners at bumper height that trigger a slowdown or a stop when anything enters the protective field, plus warning lights and sound.
The trade-off is flexibility. Changing an AGV route means relaying tape or adding markers, and a pallet left in the aisle halts the vehicle until someone clears it. That is the main difference to an autonomous mobile robot, which can plan around the obstacle.
